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<text id=93TT2160>
<title>
Sep. 06, 1993: Gorby The Green Warrior
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
Sep. 06, 1993 Boom Time In The Rockies
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
ENVIRONMENT, Page 52
Gorby The Green Warrior
</hdr>
<body>
<p>Moving from the cold war to global warming, the former Soviet
leader searches for a new role
</p>
<p>By EUGENE LINDEN
</p>
<p> At a time when the environmental movement seems in desperate
need of a champion, the most likely candidates have gone AWOL.
Vice President Al Gore, the author of Earth in the Balance,
has strayed to other issues as he tries to keep up with Hillary
and the pack of FOBs in the hyperactive Clinton Administration.
Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland devoted much
of the 1980s to helping develop a global eco logical agenda,
but her reputation has plummeted since Norway resumed commercial
whaling in defiance of an international ban.
</p>
<p> Now into the breach strides Mikhail Gorbachev, who is once again
a man with a mission. Helping end the cold war and pushing for
democratic reform in Russia were simple compared with the new
challenge he has taken up. As president of the International
Green Cross/Green Crescent, a private organization intended
to help coordinate global environmental initiatives, Gorbachev
hopes to do nothing less than spearhead a drive to save the
planet.
</p>
<p> Even when he presided over a superpower, Gorbachev talked like
someone with a heart of green. At the United Nations in 1988,
he called for a halt to humanity's "aggressions against nature."
Today, freed from the constraints of government, he sometimes
sounds more like a granola-crunching backpacker from California
than a former communist who rose through the ranks of apparatchiks
in one of the most environmentally irresponsible nations of
our time. Gorbachev may be the only world leader to use the
word noosphere (a term that refers to human consciousness as
it relates to the biosphere) in a major address.
</p>
<p> Gorbachev launched the Green Cross last spring in Kyoto, Japan,
at a meeting of the Global Forum, a gathering of law makers,
religious leaders, activists and scientists. His intellectually
adventurous speech was at times contradictory and unrealistic,
but it moved far beyond the bland platitudes about "sustainable
development" and "global conventions" that dominate international
discussions of environmental issues. Saying things that would
mean political suicide in most of the industrial world, he attacked
such sacred cows as development, progress and the current definitions
of material happiness.
</p>
<p> "Technology has not only failed to ease the conflict between
man and nature," Gorbachev argued, "it has aggravated that conflict...The crisis of civilization that we see today is a crisis
of the naive belief in the omnipotence of humanity." He contended
that the world must abandon the urge to conquer nature and adopt
a "philosophy of limits" based on an understanding that technology
cannot solve all problems.
</p>
<p> Gorbachev knows firsthand what mankind can do to the environment.
"I first saw the dangers in Stavropol, where poor farming practices
produced sandstorms that carried away topsoil," he said during
an interview with TIME. While in the Kremlin, he confronted
one horror story after another of skies blackened by smokestacks,
rivers ruined by toxic wastes and fields flooded by ill-conceived
dams. "Farmers rebelled against these outrages," he said, "but
because of the command system, their revolt was not heard."
Then came the explosion of the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl,
which "was the final argument. All of us then understood the
kind of monster we had created."
</p>
<p> At a meeting of the Global Forum in Moscow in 1990, when he
was still Soviet President, Gorbachev proposed an organization
roughly analogous to the International Red Cross to contend
with environmental problems that cross national boundaries.
Last year the Earth Summit in Rio passed a resolution establishing
the International Green Cross, and six months later the Dutch
government donated $1.1 million to get things going. At about
the same time, Roland Wiederkehr, an environmentalist and member
of the Swiss Federal Assembly, started the World Green Cross.
Gracefully acknowledging Gorbachev's star power, Wiederkehr
accepted the Russian's invitation to merge the two groups and
is now executive director of the combined operation. It has
headquarters in both the Hague and Geneva.
</p>
<p> Since the organization's debut, Gorbachev and Wiederkehr have
met with a parade of environmentalists to select pilot projects.
Among the possibilities: a program to coordinate efforts to
clean up the Volga River; an effort to protect the pristine
Plitvicka Lakes National Park on the border between Serbia and
Croatia from the fighting that has ravaged the Balkans; the
establishment of a Geneva-based industry council that would
help prevent chemical catastrophes like the gas leak that killed
2,000 in Bhopal, India; and an initiative to focus attention
on problems that involve the use and disposal of toxic products
by the world's military establishments.
</p>
<p> Gorbachev's prestige has helped attract Green Cross board members
such as Javier Perez de Cuellar, former Secretary-General of
the U.N., and former Japanese Prime Minister Toshiki Kaifu.
Other trustees range from astronomer Carl Sagan to Rene Felber,
the former President of Switzerland. Ultimately, Gorbachev envisions
a network of local, national, regional and international offices
that will, as he puts it, "enhance and amplify" the work of
other environmental groups. He also sees this network as a means
of changing the "values" of human societies.
</p>
<p> If that sounds vague, it is. Some activists grumble that the
world does not need another environmental bureaucracy, particularly
one put together in such an impromptu manner. Despite the Russian's
passion for his new career, it is clear that he is learning
on the job. Still, Gorbachev brings to his new job one irreplaceable
asset: the respect of world leaders. Recently he wrote President
Clinton to say, in effect, "I stopped nuclear testing; you can
too." Says Green Cross board member Thor Heyerdahl (whose writings,
beginning with Kon-Tiki, greatly influenced the former Soviet
President): "Even though there are other international environmental
organizations, I came here because Gorbachev has the stature,
intelligence and drive to make things happen. He realizes that
the threat is grave, and he gives me hope."
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>